IP Addressing

* IP address is a logical address, by using IP address we can stabilize between the network devices.

Two versions of addressing scheme
   —IP version 4 - 32 bit addressing
   —IP version 6 - 128 bit addressing

* IP v4 is a 32-bit address it is divided into 4 octets, and each octet contains 8bit, and each octet separated by a dot "." symbol.

IP v4 is starting from 0.0.0.0  to 255.255.255.255

up to 4.3billion IP address.

IP v4 classified into five classes.

  Class A — 0.0.0.0     to   127.255.255.255
  Class B —128.0.0.0  to   191.255.255.255
  Class C —192.0.0.0  to   223.255.255.255
  Class D —224.0.0.0  to   239.255.255.255
  Class E —240.0.0.0  to   255.255.255.255

Class A, B, and C is used for LAN, MAN, and WAN,
Class D is used for multicasting.
Class E is used for research and development.

Octet format

The IP address is divided into network & host portion 

                                                                                       subnet mask

—Class A is written as     N.H.H.H - 10.0.0.0/8         - 255.0.0.0

—Class B is written as     N.N.H.H -172.16.0.0/16    - 255.255.0.0

—Class C is written as     N.N.N.H -192.168.0.0/24  - 255.255.255.0

Private IP Address 

—Class A 10.0.0.0        -10.255.255.255

—Class B 172.16.0.0    -172.31.255.255

—Class C 192.168.0.0  -192.168.255.255

Public IP address 

—from the above-specified IP address, all other IP addresses are privet IPs

* Ip address consept managing by IANA orgnization.

IANA —Internet Assign Number Athority.

0.0.0.0  — 0.255.255.255  - network ID

255.0.0.0 — 255.255.255.255 braodcast ID

127.0.0.0 — 127.255.255.255 loop back

169.254.0.0 — 169.254.255.255 APIPA (Automatic privet IP Address)